This PhD project aims to develop a theoretical framework for atomic quantum sensors capable of detecting electromagnetic fields in regions where classical forces vanish. The approach leverages geometric phase effects—specifically the Aharonov-Bohm (AB) and Aharonov-Casher (AC) effects—where particles accumulate phase shifts due to enclosed electromagnetic flux, even without direct interaction.

Unlike traditional interferometers that rely on spatially separated paths, this project explores internal-state interferometry, where atoms in superposition states traverse a common path near a field source. The resulting geometric phase differences between internal states can be read out optically, enabling sensitive field detection without disturbing the system.

Key objectives include:

• Designing atomic level structures suitable for AB/AC-based sensing.
• Developing optical readout mechanisms for internal-state interference.
• Using time-dependent Schrödinger and Lindblad master equations to simulate and optimize sensor performance.
• Estimating sensitivity limits and identifying practical use cases in collaboration with AWE.

This project combines quantum theory, atomic physics, and sensor design, offering a novel route to detecting hidden electromagnetic fields with potential applications in fundamental physics and advanced sensing technologies.